如何实现自定义SpringBoot的Starter组件

一、前言

想要自定义starter组件,首先要了解springboot是如何加载starter的,也就是springboot的自动装配机制原理。

1.1、starter加载原理

springboot通过一个@SpringBootApplication注解启动项目,springboot在项目启动的时候,会将项目中所有声明为Bean对象(注解、xml)的实例信息全部加载到ioc容器当中。 除此之外也会将所有依赖到的starter里的bean信息加载到ioc容器中,从而做到所谓的零配置,开箱即用。

1.1.1、加载starter

首先通过通过注解@SpringBootApplication找到@EnableAutoConfiguration注解进行加载starter。

再通过注解@EnableAutoConfiguration下注解@import找到AutoConfigurationImportSelector类加载器实现。

这个AutoConfigurationImportSelector类会去其引用的依赖jar包下,找到一个”spring.factories”文件,一般spring.factories文件里都会声明该依赖所提供的核心功能bean配置信息。文件一般在依赖jar包的META-INF文件夹下面。

以spring-boot版本2.7.7为例,加载spring.factories的代码在:

AutoConfigurationImportSelector.java->selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata)->getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata)->getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes)->SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader())->loadSpringFactories(classLoaderToUse):

private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(ClassLoader classLoader) {
 Map<String, List<String>> result = (Map)cache.get(classLoader);
 if (result != null) {
 return result;
 } else {
 HashMap result = new HashMap();
 
 try {
 Enumeration urls = classLoader.getResources("META-INF/spring.factories");
 
 while(urls.hasMoreElements()) {
 URL url = (URL)urls.nextElement();
 UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
 Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
 Iterator var6 = properties.entrySet().iterator();
 
 while(var6.hasNext()) {
 Entry<?, ?> entry = (Entry)var6.next();
 String factoryTypeName = ((String)entry.getKey()).trim();
 String[] factoryImplementationNames = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String)entry.getValue());
 String[] var10 = factoryImplementationNames;
 int var11 = factoryImplementationNames.length;
 
 for(int var12 = 0; var12 < var11; ++var12) {
 String factoryImplementationName = var10[var12];
 ((List)result.computeIfAbsent(factoryTypeName, (key) -> {
 return new ArrayList();
 })).add(factoryImplementationName.trim());
 }
 }
 }
 
 result.replaceAll((factoryType, implementations) -> {
 return (List)implementations.stream().distinct().collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toList(), Collections::unmodifiableList));
 });
 cache.put(classLoader, result);
 return result;
 } catch (IOException var14) {
 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [META-INF/spring.factories]", var14);
 }
 }
 }

举例如:spring-boot-autoconfig的spring.factories.

二、自定义starter

上面了解了springboot加载starter原理,其实就是加载依赖jar包下的spring.factories文件。所以我们要自定义starter,就需要在项目中建立一个META-INF的文件夹,然后在该文件夹下面建一个spring.factories文件,文件里将你需要提供出去的bean实例信息配置好就行。

2.1、代码

2.1.1、新建springboot项目。

简单演示所以需求配置任务依赖。如springboot构建很慢,或者打包的时候下载依赖很慢,可在pom文件中添加如下仓库配置,可以加快构建速度。

<repositories>
 <repository>
 <id>alimaven</id>
 <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
 </repository>
 </repositories>
 
 <pluginRepositories>
 <pluginRepository>
 <id>alimaven</id>
 <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
 </pluginRepository>
 </pluginRepositories>

注意:spring官方规定自定义组件的命名:

SpringBoot官方命名方式
格式:spring-boot-starter-{模块名}
举例:spring-boot-starter-web
自定义命名方式
格式:{模块名}-spring-boot-starter
举例:mystarter-spring-boot-starter

2.1.2、项目构建完成后,在resources文件夹下面新建META-INF文件夹,并新建spring.factories文件。

2.1.3、因为我们是作为插件来使用,所以我们不需要启动类,删除启动类。并新建几个类:

一个接口AnimalService:

package com.example.demospringbootstarter.service;
 
/**
 * @Project: demo-spring-boot-starter
 * @Description:
 * @Author: chengjiangbo
 * @Date: 2023/2/7 15:12
 */
public interface AnimalService {
 
 String say();
}

两个接口实现类CatService和DogService:

package com.example.demospringbootstarter.service;
 
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
/**
 * @Project: demo-spring-boot-starter
 * @Description:
 * @Author: chengjiangbo
 * @Date: 2023/2/7 14:49
 */
@Service
public class CatService implements AnimalService{
 
 public static String name = "cat";
 
 @Override
 public String say() {
 return "喵喵";
 }
}
package com.example.demospringbootstarter.service;
 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
/**
 * @Project: demo-spring-boot-starter
 * @Description:
 * @Author: chengjiangbo
 * @Date: 2023/2/7 14:49
 */
@Service
public class DogService implements AnimalService{
 
 public static String name = "dog";
 
 @Override
 public String say() {
 return "汪汪";
 }
}

再建一个配置AnimalProperties类,方便注入属性值:

package com.example.demospringbootstarter.config;
 
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
 
/**
 * @Project: demo-spring-boot-starter
 * @Description:
 * @Author: chengjiangbo
 * @Date: 2023/2/7 15:37
 */
@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "animal")
public class AnimalProperties {
 
 private String name;
}

最后新建一个核心自动装备配置类:

package com.example.demospringbootstarter.config;
 
import com.example.demospringbootstarter.service.AnimalService;
import com.example.demospringbootstarter.service.CatService;
import com.example.demospringbootstarter.service.DogService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 
/**
 * @Project: demo-spring-boot-starter
 * @Description:
 * @Author: chengjiangbo
 * @Date: 2023/2/7 14:48
 */
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(AnimalProperties.class)
public class AnimalAutoConfig {
 
 @Autowired
 private AnimalProperties animalProperties;
 
 @Bean
 public AnimalService demoService(){
 switch (animalProperties.getName()){
 case "cat":
 return new CatService();
 case "dog":
 return new DogService();
 default:
 return null;
 }
 }
}

META-INF/spring.factories的内容为:

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
 com.example.demospringbootstarter.config.AnimalAutoConfig

以上步骤都好后,使用maven命令打包:

mvn clean install -Dmaven.test.skip=true

或者使用idea的LIfecycle点击对应操作(注意不是plugin下的命令操作)。

pom.xml内容为:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 <parent>
 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
 <version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
 <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
 </parent>
 <groupId>com.example</groupId>
 <artifactId>demo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
 <version>0.0.4-SNAPSHOT</version>
 <name>demo-spring-boot-starter</name>
 <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
 <properties>
 <java.version>8</java.version>
 </properties>
 <dependencies>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
 </dependency>
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
 <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
 <optional>true</optional>
 </dependency>
 
 </dependencies>
 
 <repositories>
 <repository>
 <id>alimaven</id>
 <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
 </repository>
 </repositories>
 
 <pluginRepositories>
 <pluginRepository>
 <id>alimaven</id>
 <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
 </pluginRepository>
 </pluginRepositories>
 
</project>

三、组件集成依赖测试

3.1、新启另一个项目中,引入刚刚打包的pom依赖

<dependency>
 <groupId>com.example</groupId>
 <artifactId>demo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
 <version>0.0.4-SNAPSHOT</version>
 </dependency>

3.2、新建一个controller,里面注入上面提供的AnimalService类并调用其方法

package com.cjb.mavendemo.controllers;
 
import com.example.demospringbootstarter.service.AnimalService;
import com.example.inputoutputlogspringbootstarter.config.PrintResponseTime;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
/**
 * @Project: maven-demo
 * @Description:
 * @Author: chengjiangbo
 * @Date: 2023/2/7 10:26
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/test")
public class TestController {
 
 @Autowired
 private AnimalService animalService;
 
 @PrintResponseTime
 @GetMapping("/call")
 public String call(){
 return animalService.say();
 }
}

3.3、application.properties内容配置参数"animal.name"值

3.4、最后通过项目启动类启动项目(项目启动类就一个@SpringBootApplicaiton注解)

package com.cjb.mavendemo;
 
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
 
@SpringBootApplication
public class MavenDemoApplication {
 
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 SpringApplication.run(MavenDemoApplication.class, args);
 }
 
}

3.5、接口测试

调用http接口测试:

修改"animal.name"值为"cat",再次调用http接口访问:

四、源码地址,参考资料

  1. 组件代码:https://download.csdn.net/download/u010132847/87426046

    1. 集成自定义组件代码:https://download.csdn.net/download/u010132847/87426048

作者:令狐前生原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/u010132847/article/details/128920976

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