Linux 下读取硬件信息 dmidecode 命令介绍

dmidecode 是一个工具或命令,以人类可读的格式检索系统硬件的有用信息。dmidecode 可用于所有类似 Linux 的系统 (RHEL, CentOS, Debian 和 SUSE)。dmidecode 代表 DMI (Desktop Management Interface) 它从 DMI 表中读取数据,并以人类可读的格式展示给我们。DMI 表保存了系统硬件的详细信息,如 BIOS,序列号,RAM 和 CPU 详细信息等,除此之外,dmidecode 还可以检索关于系统支持的最大配置的详细信息。

在本文中,我们将介绍 12 个Linux 系统下 dmidecode 相关示例。

1) dmidecode 命令输出

When we run the dmidecode command then it displays the output on the
screen, in the output we have the records, each record has 4 different
values.

当我们运行 dmidecode 命令时,会在屏幕上输出记录,每个记录有 4 个不同的值。

  • Handle – 唯一标识符号
  • Type – 它讲述的是硬件组成,在下面的示例中,DMI 类型 38 指的是 IPMI 设备
  • Size – 记录大小
  • Decoded value – 关于记录类型的信息,在下面的示例中,IPMI 设备的解码值是接口类型,规格版本,基址和寄存器间距

让我们运行 dmidecode 命令

[root@linuxtechi ~]# dmidecode | more

输出如下所示

2) 用于 dmidecode 命令不同的 DMI 类型

以下是 dmidecode 命令中使用的 DMI 类型

Type Information
 --------------------------------------------
 0 BIOS
 1 System
 2 Baseboard
 3 Chassis
 4 Processor
 5 Memory Controller
 6 Memory Module
 7 Cache
 8 Port Connector
 9 System Slots
 10 On Board Devices
 11 OEM Strings
 12 System Configuration Options
 13 BIOS Language
 14 Group Associations
 15 System Event Log
 16 Physical Memory Array
 17 Memory Device
 18 32-bit Memory Error
 19 Memory Array Mapped Address
 20 Memory Device Mapped Address
 21 Built-in Pointing Device
 22 Portable Battery
 23 System Reset
 24 Hardware Security
 25 System Power Controls
 26 Voltage Probe
 27 Cooling Device
 28 Temperature Probe
 29 Electrical Current Probe
 30 Out-of-band Remote Access31 Boot Integrity Services
 32 System Boot
 33 64-bit Memory Error
 34 Management Device
 35 Management Device Component
 36 Management Device Threshold Data
 37 Memory Channel
 38 IPMI Device
 39 Power Supply
 40 Additional Information
 41 Onboard Devices Extended Information
 42 Management Controller Host Interface
Keyword Types
 ------------------------------
 bios 0, 13
 system 1, 12, 15, 23, 32
 baseboard 2, 10, 41
 chassis 3
 processor 4
 memory 5, 6, 16, 17
 cache 7
 connector 8
 slot 9

3) 使用类型 id 显示硬件信息

在 dmidecode 命令中,我们可以使用关键字或类型 id 来获取系统的硬件信息。在例 2 中,我们已经列出了关键字及其类型 id。让我们假设我们想要显示系统的 cache 信息,然后我们可以运行下面的任何命令

[root@linuxtechi ~]# dmidecode -t cache
Or
[root@linuxtechi ~]# dmidecode -t 7
# dmidecode 2.12
SMBIOS 2.5 present.
Handle 0x009C, DMI type 7, 19 bytes
Cache Information
 Socket Designation: L1-Cache
 Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1
 Operational Mode: Write Back
 Location: Internal
 Installed Size: 192 kB
 Maximum Size: 192 kB
 Supported SRAM Types:
 Synchronous
 Installed SRAM Type: Synchronous
 Speed: Unknown
 Error Correction Type: Single-bit ECC
 System Type: Data
 Associativity: 8-way Set-associative
Handle 0x009D, DMI type 7, 19 bytes
Cache Information
 Socket Designation: L1-Cache
 Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1
 Operational Mode: Write Back
 Location: Internal
 Installed Size: 192 kB
 Maximum Size: 192 kB
 Supported SRAM Types:
 Synchronous
 Installed SRAM Type: Synchronous
 Speed: Unknown
 Error Correction Type: Single-bit ECC
 System Type: Instruction
 Associativity: 4-way Set-associative
…………………………………………………………………………

4) 显示 BIOS 信息

运行 dmidecode 命令后输入 bios 作为类型

[root@linuxtechi ~]# dmidecode --type bios
 Or
[root@linuxtechi ~]# dmidecode -t bios
# dmidecode 2.12
SMBIOS 2.5 present.
Handle 0x0005, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
 Vendor: Intel Corp.
 Version: QSSC-S4R.QCI.01.00.0037.061120141015
 Release Date: 06/11/2014
 Address: 0xF0000
 Runtime Size: 64 kB
 ROM Size: 16384 kB
 Characteristics:
 PCI is supported
 PNP is supported
 BIOS is upgradeable
 BIOS shadowing is allowed
 Boot from CD is supported
 Selectable boot is supported
 EDD is supported
 3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
 Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
 8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
 Serial services are supported (int 14h)
 CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
 ACPI is supported
 USB legacy is supported
 LS-120 boot is supported
 ATAPI Zip drive boot is supported
 Function key-initiated network boot is supported
 Targeted content distribution is supported
 BIOS Revision: 17.18
 Firmware Revision: 0.0

5) 显示机箱硬件信息

执行以下 dmidecode 命令显示机箱信息

[root@linuxtechi ~]# dmidecode -t chassis
# dmidecode 2.12
SMBIOS 2.5 present.
Handle 0x0004, DMI type 3, 22 bytes
Chassis Information
 Manufacturer: ..............................
 Type: Main Server Chassis
 Lock: Not Present
 Version: 32S4RCS0010
 Serial Number: QTFCVR1110136
 Asset Tag: ....................
 Boot-up State: Safe
 Power Supply State: Safe
 Thermal State: Safe
 Security Status: Unknown
 OEM Information: 0x01000181
 Height: 1 U
 Number Of Power Cords: 1
 Contained Elements: 0
 SKU Number: Not Specified

6) 显示底板硬件信息

执行下面的 dmidecode 命令来显示关于系统底板的硬件信息

[root@linuxtechi ~]# dmidecode -t baseboard
# dmidecode 2.12
SMBIOS 2.5 present.
Handle 0x0003, DMI type 2, 16 bytes
Base Board Information
 Manufacturer: QCI
 Product Name: QSSC-S4R
 Version: 31S4RMB00B0
 Serial Number: LVR1340271
 Asset Tag: ....................
 Features:
 Board is a hosting board
 Board is replaceable
 Location In Chassis: Not Specified
 Chassis Handle: 0x0004
 Type: Motherboard
 Contained Object Handles: 0
Handle 0x0027, DMI type 10, 6 bytes
On Board Device Information
 Type: Video
 Status: Enabled
 Description: ServerEngines Pilot II
Handle 0x0028, DMI type 10, 6 bytes
On Board Device Information
 Type: Ethernet
 Status: Enabled
 Description: Intel Dual GbE #1
Handle 0x0029, DMI type 10, 6 bytes
On Board Device Information
 Type: Ethernet
 Status: Enabled
 Description: Intel Dual GbE #2
Handle 0x002A, DMI type 10, 6 bytes
On Board Device Information
 Type: SATA Controller
 Status: Enabled
 Description: ICH10 Integrated SATA Controller

7) 显示系统的硬件信息

要显示有关系统的硬件信息(制造商、产品名称和序列号等),运行以下 dmidecode 命令

[root@linuxtechi ~]# dmidecode -t system
# dmidecode 2.12
SMBIOS 2.5 present.
Handle 0x0002, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
System Information
 Manufacturer: QCI
 Product Name: QSSC-S4R
 Version: ....................
 Serial Number: ............
 UUID: 2DD583E2-4A58-11E0-A580-00101859A783
 Wake-up Type: AC Power Restored
 SKU Number: Not Specified
 Family: Not Specified
Handle 0x002C, DMI type 12, 5 bytes
System Configuration Options
 Option 1: J5C3 2-3: Close to clear Password
Handle 0x002D, DMI type 12, 5 bytes
System Configuration Options
 Option 1: J5C2 2-3: Close to clear CMOS
Handle 0x002E, DMI type 12, 5 bytes
System Configuration Options
 Option 1: J6D1 2-3: Close for BIOS Recovery
Handle 0x002F, DMI type 12, 5 bytes
System Configuration Options
 Option 1: J5C1 2-3: Close to Force ME Update Mode
Handle 0x0030, DMI type 12, 5 bytes
System Configuration Options
 Option 1: J9C3: SATA RAID Key
Handle 0x0031, DMI type 12, 5 bytes
System Configuration Options
 Option 1: J5A1 2-3: Close to Force BMC Update Mode
Handle 0x0034, DMI type 32, 20 bytes
System Boot Information
 Status: No errors detected

8) 显示已安装的内存信息

要显示有关已安装的物理内存(RAM)的信息,请运行以下命令

[root@linuxtechi ~]# dmidecode -t 17 
# dmidecode 2.12
SMBIOS 2.5 present.
Handle 0x0043, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
 Array Handle: 0x0035
 Error Information Handle: Not Provided
 Total Width: 72 bits
 Data Width: 72 bits
 Size: 4096 MB
 Form Factor: DIMM
 Set: 1
 Locator: DIMM_1B
 Bank Locator: MEM1 SLOT
 Type: DDR3
 Type Detail: Synchronous
 Speed: 1067 MHz
 Manufacturer: 0x0198
 Serial Number: 0xA504DB27
 Asset Tag: Unknown
 Part Number: 9965426-047.A00LF
Handle 0x0045, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
 Array Handle: 0x0035
 Error Information Handle: Not Provided
 Total Width: 72 bits
 Data Width: 72 bits
 Size: 4096 MB
 Form Factor: DIMM
 Set: 2
 Locator: DIMM_1A
 Bank Locator: MEM1 SLOT
 Type: DDR3
 Type Detail: Synchronous
 Speed: 1067 MHz
 Manufacturer: 0x830B
 Serial Number: 0x6C443023
…………………………………………………………

使用下面的 dmidecode 命令查找系统支持的最大物理内存

[root@linuxtechi ~]# dmidecode -t 16 
# dmidecode 2.12
SMBIOS 2.5 present.
Handle 0x0035, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
Physical Memory Array
 Location: Proprietary Add-on Card
 Use: System Memory
 Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC
 Maximum Capacity: 256 GB
 Error Information Handle: Not Provided
 Number Of Devices: 8
Handle 0x0037, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
Physical Memory Array
 Location: Proprietary Add-on Card
 Use: System Memory
 Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC
 Maximum Capacity: 256 GB
 Error Information Handle: Not Provided
 Number Of Devices: 8
Handle 0x0039, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
Physical Memory Array
 Location: Proprietary Add-on Card
 Use: System Memory
 Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC
 Maximum Capacity: 256 GB
 Error Information Handle: Not Provided
 Number Of Devices: 8
……………………………………………………………

9) 显示关于处理器的硬件信息

执行以下 dmidecode 命令显示处理器或 CPU 插座的硬件信息

[root@linuxtechi ~]# dmidecode -t processor
or
[root@linuxtechi ~]# dmidecode -t 4
# dmidecode 2.12
SMBIOS 2.5 present.
Handle 0x009B, DMI type 4, 40 bytes
Processor Information
 Socket Designation: CPU1
 Type: Central Processor
 Family: Xeon MP
 Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corporation
 ID: E6 06 02 00 FF FB EB BF
 Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 46, Stepping 6
 Flags:
 FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
 VME (Virtual mode extension)
 DE (Debugging extension)
 PSE (Page size extension)
 TSC (Time stamp counter)
 MSR (Model specific registers)
 PAE (Physical address extension)
 MCE (Machine check exception)
 CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)
 APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)
 SEP (Fast system call)
 MTRR (Memory type range registers)
 PGE (Page global enable)
 MCA (Machine check architecture)
 CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported)
 PAT (Page attribute table)
 PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
 CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported)
 DS (Debug store)
 ACPI (ACPI supported)
 MMX (MMX technology supported)
 FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported)
 SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions)
 SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2)
 SS (Self-snoop)
 HTT (Multi-threading)
 TM (Thermal monitor supported)
 PBE (Pending break enabled)
 Version: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E7540 @ 2.00GHz
 Voltage: 1.2 V
 External Clock: 133 MHz
 Max Speed: 4000 MHz
 Current Speed: 2000 MHz
 Status: Populated, Enabled
 Upgrade: Socket LGA1567
 L1 Cache Handle: 0x009D
 L2 Cache Handle: 0x009E
 L3 Cache Handle: 0x009F
 Serial Number: Not Specified
 Asset Tag: Not Specified
 Part Number: Not Specified
 Core Count: 6
 Core Enabled: 6
 Thread Count: 12
 Characteristics:
 64-bit capable
…………………………………………………

10) 显示有关 64 位内存错误的信息

要显示系统的 64 位内存错误信息,请运行以下命令

[root@linuxtechi ~]# dmidecode -t 33

11) 以十六进制输出 DMIDECODE 命令输出

如果您不想解码 dmidecode 命令的输出信息,但希望将其转储为 16 进制格式,则可以在 dmidecode 命令中使用 -u 或 dump 选项,示例如下

[root@linuxtechi ~]# dmidecode -u -t 4
or
[root@linuxtechi ~]# dmidecode --dump -t 4

12 ) 显示 dmidecode 版本

使用下面的 dmidecode 命令显示它的版本

[root@linuxtechi ~]# dmidecode -V
2.12
[root@linuxtechi ~]#

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作者:鸠摩智首席音效师原文地址:https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000043353792

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